Islamic Medicine
Kuwait University
Faculty of Science
English Unit
Name: Mohammed Aied Mohammed
ID: 204114006
Course: English 162/01
Supervisor: Ms. Dot MacKenzie
“And say: O my Lord! Increase me in knowledge”
Taha: 114 / Holy Quran
Outline:
I) Muslims had great achievement in medicine and health care during Middle Ages.
II) Ibn-Sina:
A) Born in 980 C.E. in village of Afshana close to Bukhara.
B) known in West as Avicenna
C) noted close relationship between emotions and physical condition
D) Felt that music had definite physical and psychological effect on patients.
E) wrote Canon which influenced medical teaching in Europe until 17th century.
III) Al-Razi
A) born in Rayy
B) well trained in Greek sciences
C) placed medicine within philosophy
i. sound practice demands independent thinking mission of medicine.
D) wrote first book describing small-pox and measles
I translated into Latin and other European languages.
IV) In-Nafiz:
A) first described pulmonary circulation of blood.
B) found that wall between right and left ventricles of heart = solid and without pores.
C) stated that blood must pass from right ventricle to left ventricle by way of lungs.
D) probably unknown by physicians in western countries.
E) studied in Damascus under physician ad-Dakhwar.
F) wrote treatises on eye diseases.
V) Sources
A) From Archimedes to Einstein. The Usborne Book of Scientists.
B) Hitti, P. H. History of the Arabs. London: Macmillan, 1997.
C) http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/ei2/razi.htm. (October 2008).
D) http://www.ummah.net/history/scholars/ibn_sina/. (October 2008).
“Read! In the name of thy Lord and Cherisher, Who created, man, out of a (mere) clot of congealed blood: Proclaim! And thy Lord is Most Bountiful, He who taught (the use of) the Pen, taught man that which he knew not. “
(Al’Alaq / Holy Quran)
Essay
Introduction:
“Seek the knowledge even if it be in China” (Prophet Mohammed)
Medicine and health care were perhaps the highest scientific achievements of the Muslims during the Middle Ages. In this essay I will describe three motivated Islamic scientists: Ibn-Sina, Al-Razi and Ibn-Nafiz.
Ibn-Sina:
Ibn Sina was born in 980 C.E. in the village of Bukhara which today is located in the far south of Russia. Ibn Sina, known in the West as Avicenna, would have been a giant among giants. Ibn Sina noted the close relationship between emotions and the physical condition and felt that music had a definite physical and psychological effect on patients. Ibn Sina wrote the Canon which influenced medical teaching in Europe until the 17th century. It was mainly about how to recognize and treat diseases, and how to prepare drugs.
Al-Razi:
Al-Razi is the most free-thinking of the major philosophers of Islam. He was born in Rayy, where he was well trained in the Greek sciences. He wrote the first book describing small-pox and measles, and it was translated into Latin and other European languages.
Ibn-Nafiz:
Ibn-Nafiz was an Arabic physician who first described the pulmonary circulation of the blood. He found that the wall between the right and left ventricles of the heart is solid and without pores. He studied in Damascus under the physician Ad-Dakhwar and went to Egypt to take charge of the Nasiri Hospital in Cairo.
Summary:
In conclusion, 1,000 years ago, Islamic medicine was the most advanced in the world at that time. The achievements of Islamic medicine look amazingly modern. 1,000 years ago the Muslims were the great torchbearers of international scientific research. Ibn Sina, Al-Razi and Ibn-Nafiz influenced the vision of medicine by their writing, discoveries and research, and transmitted their studies to the west.
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